A numerical investigation into the correction algorithms for SPH method in modeling violent free surface flows

A quantitative comparison of the usual and recent numerical treatments which are applied to the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method are presented together with a new free-surface treatment. A series of numerical treatments are studied to refine the numerical procedures of the SPH method particularly for violent flows with a free surface. Two dimensional dam-break and sway-sloshing problems in a tank are modeled by solving Euler's equation of motion utilizing weakly compressible SPH method (WCSPH). Initially, the dam-break benchmark problem is studied by adopting only conventional basic equations of SPH without any numerical remedy and then by considering numerical treatments of interest one after another. In the WCSPH method, the precise calculation of the densities of the particles is vital for the solution, accordingly a density correction algorithm is presented as a basic numerical treatment. Subsequently, Monaghan's (1994) [1] XSPH velocity variant algorithm, artificial particle displacement (APD) algorithm (Shaldoo et al., 2011) [2], and a hybrid combination of velocity updated XSPH (VXSPH) and APD algorithms are implemented separately, but all with the density correction algorithm as a default treatment. The effects of each of these treatments on the pressure and on the free surface profiles are analyzed by comparing our numerical findings with experimental and numerical results in the literature. After the detailed scrutiny on the dam-break problem, sway-sloshing problem is handled with the VXSPHþAPD algorithm which has been noted to provide the most reliable and accurate results in the dam-break problem. For the sway-sloshing problem, the time histories of free surface elevations on the left side wall of the rectangular tank are compared with experimental and numerical results available in the literature. It was shown that the VXSPHþAPD treatment significantly improves the accuracy of the numerical simulations for violent flows with a free surface and lead to the results which are in very good agreement with experimental and numerical findings of literature in terms of both the kinematic and the dynamic point of view.